Preventing Disease Glossary

The following is health and medical definitions of terms used in healthy lifestyles and disease prevention section.

Belly: the body part that all the structures between the chest and pelvis. The abdomen is separated anatomically from the chest, diaphragm, powerful muscle spanning the abdomen in the lungs.

Acute: Of abrupt beginning, with regard to the disease. Severe often also connotes a disease that is of short duration, fast, progressive, and need urgent care.

Alcoholics Anonymous: Free self-help organization founded by alcohol-dependent people to break old patterns of behavior and support to live a modest lifestyle to help.

Alcoholism: Physical dependence on alcohol to the extent that stopping alcohol use will have withdrawal symptoms. In popular and therapeutic language, the term can be used to refer to ingrained drinking that causes health or social problems. Treatment requires first ending the physical dependence, then making lifestyle changes to help the individual avoid relapse. In some cases, medication or hospital required. Addiction to alcohol can have very serious consequences in the brain, liver and other organs of the body.

Anxiety: a feeling of fear and fear characterized by physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and feelings of stress. Anxiety disorders are serious medical illnesses that affect approximately 19 million American adults. These disorders fill people's lives with great fear and anxiety. Unlike the relatively mild anxiety caused by stressful events short as a business presentation or first date, anxiety disorders are chronic, relentless, and can grow worse if left untreated.

Arthritis: Inflammation of the joint. Whilst joints are reddened, they can extend stiffness, warmth, redness, swelling. Present are morethan100 kinds of arthritis.

Asbestos: a natural material composed of small fibers that can be used in the lungs and can lead to cancer or scarring of the lungs. Cancer may be lung cancer or (mesothelioma), a cancer of the lining of the lungs or other organs. Lung scarring called asbestosis. Exposure to asbestos is usually a breathing contaminated air in workplaces that make or use asbestos in the air of buildings containing asbestos are demolished or renovated.

Asthma: a common disorder in which chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchi) makes them swell, narrowing the airway. Asthma involves only the bronchial tubes and does not affect the air sacs (alveoli) or the lung tissue (lung parenchyma) itself.

Regarding an atherosclerosis atherosclerotic process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries from fat stores on their inner lining. Atherosclerotic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Urinary Bladder: Any pouch or other flexible space that can hold liquids or gases but usually refers to the hollow body in the lower abdomen that stores urine - the urinary bladder. The kidneys filter waste from blood and urine, which enters the bladder through two tubes called ureters. Urine leaves the bladder through another tube, the urethra. In women, the urethra is a short tube, which only makes the front of the vagina. In humans, it is longer from the prostate and penis. Infection of the urinary bladder is called cystitis.

Bladder cancer: a common form of cancer who begins in the lining of the urinary bladder as a superficial tumor (carcinoma in situ). The most communal warning sign is blood in the urine if enough blood to the color of urine can range from slightly rusty to deep red. Other symptoms may include pain during urination and frequent urination or feeling the need to urinate without results.

Blood pressure: Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in his veins. It is mainly produced contraction of heart muscle. This measurement is recorded by two numbers. The first (systolic pressure) is measured as the heart contracts and is the largest. The second (diastolic pressure) is measured before the heart contracts and lowest. Blood pressure is used to measure pressure. Elevated blood pressure is called "hypertension."

Bronchitis: inflammation and swelling of bronchial tubes. Bronchitis can be acute.

Cancer: Abnormal cell growth, which tended to be accurate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases also metastasize (spread).

Cell: basic structural and functional unit of people and all living things. Each cell is a small container of chemicals, and water wrapped in a membrane.

Cervical: Cervical cancer is low, now part of the uterus (womb). The uterus, a hollow, pear-shaped body is located in the lower abdomen between the female urinary bladder and rectum. Cervix forms a channel that opens into the vagina, which leads to the outside of the body.

Chest: The area of the body located between the neck and abdomen. The chest contains the lungs, heart and part of the aorta. The walls of the chest are supported by the dorsal vertebrae, ribs and sternum.

Chlamydia: the type of bacteria that causes one type of infection very similar to gonorrhea in the way it is transmitted, the symptoms it produces, and long-term consequences.

Cholesterol: The most common type of steroid in the body, cholesterol got anything bad name. However, cholesterol is a critically important molecule.

Chronic: This important term in medicine comes from the Greek Chronos, time and means lasting a long time.

Chronic bronchitis: a clinically defined as a daily cough with sputum production for three months, two years in a row.

Cirrhosis: an abnormal condition characterized by the irreversible liver scarring of the liver. Alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C are one of the causes of cash. Cirrhosis can cause yellowing of the skin (jaundice), itching and fatigue. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis can be represented by physical examination and blood tests, and can be confirmed by liver biopsy in some patients. Complications of cirrhosis include mental confusion, coma, fluid accumulation (ascites), internal bleeding and kidney failure. Treatment of cirrhosis is designed to damage the liver and complications to a minimum. Liver transplantation remains an important option for patients with advanced cirrhosis.

Coma: a deep state of unconsciousness unarguable.

Diabetes: It Refers to diabetes mellitus or, more often, to diabetes insipidus. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus share the name "diabetes" because they are both conditions characterized by excessive urination (polyuria).

Diabetes mellitus: Better known just as "diabetes" - a chronic disease associated with abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is caused by one of two mechanisms:

1.) Insufficient production of insulin (produced in the pancreas and lowers blood glucose in the blood).

2.) Inadequate sensitivity of cells to insulin action.

Two main types of diabetes correspond to these two mechanisms and are called insulin dependent (type 1) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2) in type one diabetes, no insulin or not ample. In type, two diabetes type is generally enough insulin but cells in this act are usually sensitive to his actions.

Q: organ of hearing. There are three parts of the ear, according to the anatomy textbooks. This is the outer ear (the part; we see the sides of our head behind the temples), middle and inner ear. However, in terms of function, the ear has four parts: three and a brain. Hearing thus involves all parts of the ear and the auditory cortex of the brain. The outer ear helps concentrate the vibrations of air on the eardrum and make it vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted through a chain of small bones in the middle ear to the inner ear. There stimulate auditory nerve fibers in the brain impulses.

Emphysema: pulmonary disease with abnormal accumulation of air in the lungs is tiny air bags, tissue called alveoli. As the air continues to collect in these sacs, which are getting bigger, and can break or be damaged and form scar. Emphysema is a strong relationship with smoking cigarettes, a practice that causes lung irritation. It may also be associated with worsening recurrent lung infections, as seen in chronic bronchitis. The best response to early-warning signs of emphysema is prevention: stop smoking and get immediate treatment of lung infections occurring. Treatment was established emphysema is impossible. Since patients do not have adequate space in your lungs to breathe the breath they breathe, and may not be able to get enough oxygen. Those with severe emphysema usually end up with the oxygen machine to breathe. In some cases, it may be a useful treatment for symptoms of infection in the treatment of already damaged lungs.

Esophagus, the tube that connects the larynx (throat) and stomach. The esophagus lies between the trachea (windpipe) and back. It runs down his neck, penetrating the diaphragm just to the left side of the midline, and joins the cardiac end of the (upper) stomach. In adults, the esophagus is about 25 centimeters (10 inches) long when a person swallows, the muscular wall of the cost of the contract for the printing of the esophagus into the stomach glands in the lining of the esophagus produce mucus, which keeps going with a moist and facilitates swallowing furthermore, known as the throat or swallowing tube. From the Greek oligophagous ossein means to bear or carry + phage in order to eat.

Fatigue: a condition characterized by reduced work capacity and reduced work efficiency, usually accompanied by a feeling of fatigue and exhaustion. Fatigue can be acute and come on suddenly or chronic and persist.

Genital: in relation to external bodies and internal plaster (not to be confused with genetic.)

Genital herpes: a viral infection transmitted through close contact with moist mucous linings of the genitals. This may involve contact of the mouth, vagina or genital skin. Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) enter the mucosa with microscopic tears. Once in the body, HSV-2 travels to nerve roots near the spinal cord and settled there permanently. When an infected person has a herpes outbreak, the virus moves down the nerve fibers in place of the original infection and when it reaches the skin, the classic red and blisters occur.

Gonorrhea: sexually transmitted infections (STI) caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea. Although gonorrhea is known as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), was not alone, but can also be transferred to the newborn during childbirth.

A heart muscle that pumps blood into the veins into the arteries in the body. It is located in the chest behind the breastbone (sternum in front of the trachea, esophagus, and aorta above the diaphragm muscle that separates chest and abdominal cavity; normal heart is about the size of a clenched fist. Approximately, 10.5 grams. It is cone- shaped, with the top of taper off to the left two-thirds of the heart on the left side of the chest with the balance in the right chest.

Heart disease: Any disorder that affects the heart. Sometimes the term "heart disease" is used narrowly and incorrectly as a synonym for coronary heart disease. Heart disease is synonymous with cardiac disease but not with cardiovascular disease is a disease of the heart or blood vessels. Among the many types of heart disease, see, e.g., angina pectoris, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, coronary heart disease (CHD) Advanced cardiomyopathy: heart attack (myocardial infarction), heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Mitral regurgitation, decrease mitral valve and pulmonary stenosis.

Hemorrhage: Bleeding or abnormal blood circulation.

Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver from any cause.

Hepatitis B: Inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), once thought to be transmitted only by blood products. It is known that hepatitis B can be transmitted through needle sticks, body piercing and tattooing instruments sterilized by the UN, the process of dialysis, sexual and even less intimate contact, and childbirth. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, feces light. Diagnosis is by the blood test. Treatment is with anti-viral drugs and / or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG).

Hepatitis C: Inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is usually spread blood transfusions, hemodialysis, and needle sticks. HCV causes most transfusion-associated hepatitis, and damage to the liver can cause cancer and money. Transmission of the virus through sexual contact is rare. At least, half of patients with chronic hepatitis C, HCV Diagnosis is by the blood test. Treatment is with anti-viral drugs. Chronic hepatitis C can be treated with interferon, sometimes in combination with antiviral drugs. " There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. Previously known as hepatitis non-A, non-B.

Herpes: A family of viruses. Herpes as well refers to infection w/ human herpesviruses, particularly herpes simplex types 1 and 2.

High blood pressure: Furthermore, known as high blood pressure, high blood pressure, by definition, repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg - systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure higher than 90

HIV: Acronym for humane immunodeficiency virus, causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome lack). HIV is also called the human lymphotropic virus type III lymphadenopathy associated virus and the lymphadenopathy virus. No matter what name is used, is a retrovirus. (Retrovirus is an RNA genome, and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The use of reverse transcriptase, the virus uses its RNA as a template for making complementary DNA, which can integrate into the host DNA of the organism).

Homicide: one death 2nd Strictly speaking, the death of a man. femicide from the Latin meaning murderer, from homo human + caedere, death.

HPV: Human papilloma Virus.

Hypertension: high blood pressure, defined as blood pressure repeatedly increased more than 140 over 90 mmHg - systolic pressure above 140 with a diastolic pressure higher than 90.

Injury: Harm or hurt. The term "injury" may be used in medicine to damage inflicted on himself, as an injury or external agent on as in a cold injury. The injury may be accidental or intentional injury as a defect. The term "injury" may be synonymous (depending on context) with an injury or trauma.

Kidney: One of the two bodies on the right and left side of the abdomen which clear "poisons" from the blood, regulate acid concentration and maintain water balance in the body of urine. The kidneys are part of the urinary tract. Urine is then connected to the pipeline "ureters" name in the urinary bladder. The bladder stores urine until it released during urination.

Liver: an organ in the upper abdomen that aids in digestion and removes waste products and worn-out cells from the blood. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. The liver weighs about three and a half pounds (1.6 kg). It measures about 8 inches (20 cm) horizontally (across) and 6.5 inches (17 cm) vertically (down) and is 4.5 inches (12 cm) thick.

Melanoma: The most dangerous form of skin cancer, malignant tumor of melanocytes, cells that produce pigment in the skin. Melanoma is most common in people with fair skin, but can occur in people of all skin colors. Most melanomas present as a dark mole, as it spreads, and unlike the mole has irregular borders. The tendency toward melanoma may be inherited, and increased risk of sun exposure and sunburn too.

Middle ear: There are three parts of the ear. These are the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear. The middle ear consists of the eardrum (the tympanum or drums), and a hole. The pit is associated with the channel (eustachian tube) into the throat (nasopharynx). Eustachian tube allows the gas pressure in the middle ear cavity to adjust to external air pressure (yes, you got on the plane, the Eustachian tube that opens when your ears "open"). Tympanic cavity contains a chain of three small bones (ossicles) that connect the tympanic membrane a single listening. Bones are called (not Nina, drinking and Santa Maria, but) the malleus and incus stapes. In terms of features, the middle ear to the throat communicates with external balance's pressure and transmits vibrations to the inner ear drum.

Motor: In medicine, having to do with the movement of the body. Something that produces motion or refers to the movement. For example, a motor neuron is a nerve cell that carries the impulse to a muscle causing it to contract. The term "motor" today is also applied to the nerve, which shows a particular gland. Motor is contrary to sensory.

Mouth: The opening of the upper digestive tract, from the lips and teeth, gums and tongue. Foods are worn-out instinctively in the mouth by chewing, and saliva is additional as an oil or lubricant. Saliva consisted of an enzyme; amylase to digests starched 2nd. Any hole or opening in the body. Mouth in both senses of the word is also called the OS, the Latin word for opening, or mouth. Os is pronounced as in hope. Genitive form of OS is ORIS it comes to mouthing.

Muscle: Muscle tissue is the body which primarily serves as a source of strength. There are three types of force in the body. The muscles responsible for limb movement and the outer parts of the body is called "skeletal muscle." Heart muscle is called "cardiac muscle." The muscle walls of arteries and bowel is called "smooth muscle."

Nicotine alkaloids (nitrogen-containing chemical) that the tobacco plant or produced synthetically. In the plant kingdom, nicotine is not restricted to tobacco but is widespread. Tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum, belongs to the nightshade family, which also potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant and peppers close. All contain nicotine. However, the concentration of nicotine in those vegetables is far lower than the level in tobacco. Nicotine has been prevailing on pharmacologic effects (including increased heart rate, heart stroke volume and oxygen to the heart muscle), as well as powerful psychodynamic effects (such as euphoria, increased alertness and a sense of relaxation). As it is now well known, nicotine is highly addictive as well. When one becomes accustomed to nicotine and then stops using that experience withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, irritability, restlessness, short attention span and an intense, sometimes irresistible, craving for nicotine.

Obesity: the state outside of normal weight.

Time: in medicine, the first appearance of signs or symptoms of disease, as the start of rheumatoid arthritis. There is always the disease begins, never to return to good health. The default setting is pleasurable health.

Bio: Chemical compound composed of carbon.

2nd In relation to the subject.

3rd Grown or prepared without the use of chemicals or pesticides, such as organic food.

Osteoporosis: Bone thinning with reduced bone mineral density due to depletion of calcium and bone protein. Osteoporosis subject a person to rest, which is often slow to heal and heal poorly. It is more common in older adults, particularly post-menopausal women, patients on steroids, and those who take steroidal drugs. Osteoporosis can lead to uncontrolled behavior changes, physical abnormalities (especially in the form of a hunchback known colloquially as the "widow's hump"), and decreased mobility.

Otitis: inflammation of the ear depending on which part of the inflammatory ear, there ExternE otitis, otitis media and otitis interna.

Inflammation of the middle ear, otitis media is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, bulging eardrum, pain in the ear, and if perforated eardrum, drainage of purulent material (pus) in the ear canal.

Pain: an unpleasant sensation that can range from mild local discomfort in agony. Pain has both physical and emotional components. Physical part of pain comes from nerve stimulation. Pain may be contained in a certain area, as in an injury, or it may be more widespread, as in disorders like fibromyalgia. Pain is mediated by specific nerve fibers that carry pain impulses to the brain where their conscious appreciation may be modified factors.

Papilloma: a small tumor with a good solid clear boundary, which projects to the surrounding tissue.

Passive smoking: smoke inhalation environment (ETS) by someone who does not smoke. See: ETS.

Pneumonia: inflammation of one or both lungs with consolidation. Pneumonia is often but not always due to infection. Infections may be bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic. Symptoms may include fever, chills, cough with phlegm production, chest pain and shortness of breath.

Pregnancy: state of implementation of the developing embryo or fetus in a woman's body. This condition can be indicated by positive results in urine after-the-counter and confirmed by blood tests, ultrasound, detection of fetal heartbeat, or X-ray Pregnancy lasts about nine months, measured from the date of the last menstrual period of women (PLL). It is conventionally divided into three quarters, each about three months.

Pregnant: state of implementation of the developing unborn child.

Passive smoking: Environmental smoke inhaled involuntarily or passively by someone who does not smoke.

Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing medical reference as shortness of breath. Wheezing may be due to (heart and blood vessels), respiratory (airways and lungs) or circulatory conditions. See also wheezing.

Sleep: the cycle of another institution.

Stress: Forces from the outside world impinging on the individual. Stress is a normal part of life that can help us learn and grow. Conversely, stress can cause us major problems.

Stroke, sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the damaged brain by blocking a cerebral artery or breakage. A stroke is also called a stroke, or for short, a CVA.

Sunscreen: a substance that blocks the effects of solar radiation. Use sunscreen to reduce the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma.

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, a microscopic organism called a spirochete. This worm-like spiral-shaped organism to infect humans through a hole in moist mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals. From there, the spirochete produces a non-painful boil known as a chancre. There are three stages of syphilis:

Tobacco: South American plant, formerly known as Nicotiana tabacum, leaves contain 2-8% nicotine and serve as a source of smoke and smokeless tobacco.

Language: Language is a strong muscle anchored to the floor of the mouth. It is covered by the lingual membrane which has special areas to detect tastes.

What to do with sexual intercourse sexual words are from Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Venereal disease (Morbus venereus) is contracted through sexual intercourse. Today more general term is transmitted sexually, such as sexually transmitted infections and sexually transmitted diseases.

Venereal disease: a disease contracted through sexual intercourse and caused by microorganisms that survive on the skin or mucous membranes, or transmitted through semen, vaginal secretions or blood during sexual intercourse. Since the genital area, humid, warm environment favorable, especially the spread of bacteria, viruses and yeasts, many diseases can be transmitted this way. These consist of AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts, chlamydia, yeast infections and a number of forms of hepatitis. Furthermore, identified as Morbus venereus or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). See as well sexually transmitted diseases in men, sexually transmitted diseases in women.

Virus: A microorganism smaller than bacteria, which grow or reproduce in contrast to living cells. Virus infection of living cells and uses their chemical machinery to the self-replicate. It may reproduce with fidelity or with errors (mutations)-this ability to mutate is responsible for the ability of some viruses to change slightly in each infected person, treatment is difficult.

Missing: one gradual loss (i.e. weight), worsening fatigue as a failure 2nd immoderate fatigue as in salt wasting, excessive loss of salt.

Wheezing, whistling sound in the chest during breathing when the airways are narrowed or compressed.

Withdrawal symptoms: Abnormal physical or psychological features that follow the abrupt discontinuation of the drug manufacturing capabilities, the fleshy addiction. Common withdrawal symptoms included sweating, tremor, nausea, anxiety, insomnia and muscle pain.




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